AL-MAQASID: The International Journal of Maqasid Studies and Advanced Islamic Research
AL-MAQASID: The International Journal of Maqasid Studies and Advanced Islamic Research Journal Initials: AL-MAQASID E-ISSN: 2735-1149 DOI Prefix: 10.55265/almaqasid - Crossref linked Publisher: Intelligentia Resources Frequency: Cont. Publication Access Model: Open Access Journal Editor-in-Chief: M. M. Sahid Citation Analysis: Scopus | Google Scholar Archiving: LOCKSS and CLOCKSS Peer Review: Double Blind AL-MAQĀṢID: The International Journal of Maqāṣid Studies and Advanced Islamic Research (E-ISSN: 2735-1149) stands as a distinguished, peer-reviewed international journal committed to the dissemination of original scholarly articles within the realms of uṣūl al-fiqh, qawā'id al-fiqhiyyah, and maqāṣid al-sharī'ah. Our journal provides a scholarly platform for addressing critical issues in maqāṣid studies and advanced Islamic research across the social sciences and humanities.AL-MAQĀṢID invites contributions that explore various schools of thought, ideologies, and subjects, contributing to the formulation of the maqāṣid al-sharī'ah philosophy. We welcome submissions encompassing critical studies of translations of major works by distinguished writers from both the past and present, alongside engaging book reviews and thought-provoking religious sermons. Continuously published from January to December, AL-MAQĀṢID encourages scholars to submit manuscripts and correspondence via our user-friendly online submission system, directed to the Editor-in-Chief for thoughtful consideration. In our commitment to preserving scholarly contributions beyond cloud self-archiving, AL-MAQĀṢID also subscribes to the LOCKSS and CLOCKSS archival systems based at Stanford University Libraries, United Kingdom, through the PKP Private LOCKSS and CLOCKSS Network program, ensuring the enduring accessibility and availability of our published content. Additionally, our journal is abstracted and indexed in prestigious databases such as Crossref, Google Scholar, and My Jurnal, Malaysian Citation Centre, enhancing the visibility and impact of the research disseminated through AL-MAQĀṢID.
The Europa Clipper Mission and Space Tourism Through The Lens of Maqasid Al-Shariah
This study examines the idea of space exploration with the principles of Maqāsid al-Shariʿah, with emphasis on NASA’s Europa Clipper mission and space tourism. In addition to examining the various implications from Islamic viewpoint, and the ethical, environmental, and socioeconomic standpoint, this study analyses secondary data to show the benefits of space exploration, including the economic and scientific advancements, as well as the drawbacks, like resource allocation, environmental risks, and socioeconomic disparity. To guarantee adherence to Maqāsid al-Sharīʿah, this study proposes a balanced approach between scientific advancements and economic benefits in space exploration with Islamic principles. This research thus aims to suggest a framework that supports Islamic values and promotes fair and sustainable space exploration. The findings have significant implications for Muslim-majority countries developing space programs and for international space policy discussions, offering a unique perspective that balances technological progress with ethical responsibility. The study ultimately argues that space exploration, when properly regulated and guided by Islamic principles, can be a means of fulfilling humanity's role as khalifat fi al-ardh while advancing beneficial knowledge for all humankind.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fahima Nazihah Mohamad Hussaini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Penilaian Semula Konsep Rogol Statutori di Malaysia: Analisis Perbandingan Syariah–Sivil terhadap Kerelaan, Paksaan dan Tanggungjawab Jenayah Remaja
This study examines the role of consent (al-riḍā’) and coercion (al-ikrāh) as the fundamental criteria for distinguishing between rape and zina under Shariah, and evaluates the extent to which these principles are applied within Malaysian criminal law, particularly in cases involving underage adolescents. Employing a qualitative approach through doctrinal and socio-legal analysis, this study synthesises classical and contemporary fiqh sources, relevant provisions of the Penal Code and selected judicial decisions. The findings indicate that Shariah outlines a more balanced framework of criminal liability by clearly differentiating consensual sexual acts from coercive ones, while assessing responsibility based on baligh status, mental capacity, intention, and contextual factors. In contrast, Malaysian law adopts the fixed age of 16 as the absolute determinant of valid consent, leading to disproportionate criminal liability, especially in consensual relationships between two underage adolescents, where underage boys are frequently convicted as statutory rapists, whereas underage girls are automatically treated as victims without consideration of their active role or willingness. The study proposes ta‘zīr-based sentencing guidelines that emphasise education, rehabilitation, and prevention for adolescents engaged in consensual acts, as well as stricter punishment for genuine perpetrators of rape, in line with the Maqāṣid of Hifẓ al-Nafs (protection of life/safety) and Hifẓ al-‘Ird (protection of dignity). Additionally, the study recommends reforming Malaysian law through mechanisms for assessing maturity, differentiating categories of underage sexual offences, and incorporating restorative justice models. In conclusion, aligning Malaysian criminal law with Shariah principles can produce a more just, balanced, and socially responsive legal framework, while strengthening protection for actual victims of sexual violence and ensuring that criminal liability is imposed fairly and proportionately. Abstrak Kajian ini meneliti peranan elemen kerelaan (al-riḍā’) dan paksaan (al-ikrāh) sebagai kriteria asas dalam membezakan antara rogol dan zina menurut perspektif Syariah, serta menilai tahap pengaplikasian prinsip tersebut dalam undang-undang jenayah Malaysia, khususnya dalam kes yang melibatkan remaja bawah umur. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui analisis doktrinal dan sosio-perundangan, kajian ini menghimpunkan sorotan fiqh klasik dan kontemporari, peruntukan Kanun Keseksaan serta keputusan kes terpilih. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa Syariah menggariskan mekanisme liabiliti jenayah yang lebih seimbang, antaranya dengan membezakan secara jelas antara hubungan sukarela dan perbuatan berbentuk paksaan, serta menilai tanggungjawab berdasarkan tahap baligh, kapasiti akal, niat dan keadaan sekeliling. Sebaliknya, undang-undang Malaysia menetapkan had umur 16 tahun sebagai penentu mutlak kesahihan persetujuan, sekali gus mewujudkan ketidakseimbangan liabiliti jenayah, khususnya dalam kes hubungan sukarela antara dua remaja bawah umur. Keadaan ini menyebabkan remaja lelaki sering ditakrifkan sebagai pesalah rogol statutori, manakala remaja perempuan secara automatik diletakkan dalam kategori mangsa, tanpa mempertimbangkan peranan aktif atau kerelaan mereka dalam hubungan tersebut.Kajian ini mencadangkan agar hukuman bagi remaja yang terlibat secara sukarela diurus melalui konsep ta‘zīr yang menekankan pendidikan, pemulihan dan pencegahan, manakala hukuman lebih tegas wajar dikenakan terhadap pelaku rogol sebenar selaras dengan Maqasid Ḥifẓ al-Nafs dan Hifz al-'Ird. Selain itu, kajian turut mencadangkan reformasi undang-undang Malaysia melalui mekanisme penilaian tahap kematangan, pengkategorian semula kes seksual bawah umur, serta pengukuhan pendekatan berasaskan keadilan pemulihan. Kesimpulannya, penjajaran undang-undang jenayah Malaysia dengan prinsip Syariah berpotensi mewujudkan sistem perundangan yang lebih adil, seimbang dan responsif terhadap realiti sosial remaja, di samping mempertingkat perlindungan terhadap mangsa rogol sebenar serta memastikan liabiliti jenayah dikenakan dengan lebih saksama.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Nor Izzuddin Norizan, Muhammad Irfan Asyraf Ahmad, Muhammad Danish Irfan Mohd Azam, Muhammad Anas Mohd Shaiful Nizam, Mohd Harifadilah Rosidi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
العمل من الكسب الحلال كآلية للاعتماد على الذات والاستغناء عن الآخرين: دراسة من منظور التمويل الإجتماعي الإسلامي
This research focuses on the importance of work and earning lawful (halal) income in Islam as a means to achieve self-sufficiency, independence from others, preserve human dignity, and fulfilthe objectives of Sharia in cultivating the earth. The researcher emphasizes that Islam has made work an act of worship and a means of honor and dignity, and that the Prophet(pbuh)and his companions were practical models in engaging in honest work of various kinds.The study explores the concept of work both linguistically and technically, clarifying that work in Islam encompasses any legitimate effort exerted by a person to achieve material or moral benefit. The study also highlights Islam's positive view on work, based on Qur’anic and prophetic evidence that encourages striving, earning, and avoiding dependency.The researcher then presents examples of prophets and righteous predecessors who carried out honorable professions with their own hands, such as Prophet David, Zachariah, and Prophet Muhammad(pbuh), which reinforces the value of work in the life of a Muslim. The research also outlines the economic and social impacts of work in achieving social justice, combating poverty and unemployment, promoting development and local production, and fostering a spirit of self-reliance. الملخص يركز هذا البحث أهمية العمل والكسب الحلال في الإسلام باعتباره وسيلة لتحقيق الاكتفاء الذاتي والاستغناء عن الآخرين، وحفظ الكرامة الإنسانية، وتحقيق مقاصد الشريعة في عمارة الأرض. يؤكد الباحث أن الإسلام جعل العمل عبادة ووسيلة للشرف والعزة، وأن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وأصحابه كانوا نماذج عملية في ممارسة العمل الشريف بمختلف أنواعه. تكشف الدراسة مفهوم العمل لغويًا واصطلاحًا، وتوضح أن العمل في الإسلام يشمل كل جهد مشروع يبذله الإنسان لتحقيق نفع مادي أو معنوي. كما تبرز الدراسة نظرة الإسلام الإيجابية للعمل، استنادًا إلى الأدلة القرآنية والنبوية التي تحث على السعي والكسب وعدم التواكل. ثم يورد الباحث نماذج من الأنبياء والسلف الصالح الذين مارسوا الوظائف الشريفة بأيديهم، مثل سيدنا داود، وزكريا عليهما السلام، ومحمد صلى الله عليه وسلم، مما يعزز قيمة العمل في حياة المسلم. كما يوضح البحث الآثار الاقتصادية والاجتماعية للعمل في تحقيق العدالة الاجتماعية، ومحاربة الفقر والبطالة، وتعزيز التنمية والإنتاج المحلي، وتنمية روح الاعتماد على الذات.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mukhtar Shek Abdurahiman, Mahmoud Mohamed Ali Mahmoud Edris https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Integration of Maqasid Al-Shariah in the Study of Mental Health: Towards an Islamic Holistic Well-Being Framework
The growing rates of mental health problems reveal the shortcomings of current psychological approaches that tend to disregard the spiritual and moral aspects of well-being. This study examines how Maqasid al-Shariah can be integrated into the field of mental health to create an Islamic framework for holistic well-being. While classical Islamic teachings emphasise the protection of intellect (aql), faith (din), and self (nafs) as fundamental for human well-being, present mental health concerns demand treatments that integrate traditional principles with contemporary psychological understanding. The main objective of this study is to examine mental health from both Islamic and Western perspectives, analyse theoretical models used in psychology, and propose a framework grounded in Maqasid al-Shariah that supports holistic well-being. This study employed a qualitative method that adopts a library-based methodology, examining classical Islamic sources alongside contemporary literature on psychology and well-being. The analysis examines Western theoretical models alongside Islamic perspectives on din, aql, and nafs, highlighting points of convergence and divergence. Preliminary findings suggest that Maqaṣid al-Shariah offers a comprehensive framework for fostering holistic well-being through spiritual resilience, moral integrity, and social harmony. The study concludes that using Maqasid al-Shariah in understanding mental health promotes a more inclusive, faith-based approach, adding Islamic ethical and spiritual guidance to current psychological practices.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Aisyah Ismail, Ulfa Nabila Salahuddin, Anies Alyaa Azman, Nur Zakirah Asmawi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Parameters of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Fatwa Issuance: A Jurisprudential and Technological Ethics Analysis
This study examines the parameters of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in fatwa issuance, exploring the intersection between technological development and the methodological, ethical, and jurisprudential requirements of Islamic legal deliberation. As technology advances through systematic innovation and data-driven refinement, AI technologies have emerged as influential socio-technical systems capable of simulating aspects of human reasoning, analysis, and decision-making. Although contemporary research highlights the potential of AI-assisted fatwa systems to enhance efficiency, automate knowledge retrieval, and support large-scale question-answering platforms, their introduction into Islamic jurisprudence raises critical concerns regarding authority, validity, and ethical limits. Islamic legal theory maintains that a fatwa is a fatwa act of ijtihad rooted in contextual awareness, moral accountability, and human intentionality, which are qualities that cannot be replicated autonomously by AI. Through multidisciplinary analysis that integrates technological studies, AI system design, usul al-fiqh, and institutional fatwa practices, this study identifies three core dimensions that shape the role of AI in fatwa issuance. First, foundational fiqh parameters emphasise that AI may function as an auxiliary expert tool for data organisation, precedent retrieval, and scenario analysis. At the same time, authoritative rulings must remain under human juristic supervision. Second, significant technological ethics risks, including algorithmic bias, data integrity issues, opacity, and automation bias, may compromise the reliability and Shariahvalidity of AI-generated outputs. Third, the study proposes an integrated Shariah technological framework that outlines governance structures, data standards, oversight mechanisms, and human-in-the-loop validation to ensure that AI tools operate within Shariah-compliant boundaries. Overall, the findings conclude that AI can enhance the accessibility, consistency, and efficiency of fatwa services, provided it is integrated within a principled framework that upholds Maqasid al-Shari’ah, ensures transparency, and safeguards the epistemic integrity of Islamic legal reasoning. Abstrak Kajian ini meneliti parameter Kecerdasan Buatan (AI) dalam pengeluaran fatwa dengan menumpukan kepada integrasi antara perkembangan teknologi dengan keperluan metodologi, etika, dan perundangan Islam dalam proses penentuan hukum. Seiring kemajuan teknologi melalui inovasi sistematik dan pemurnian berasaskan data, teknologi AI telah muncul sebagai sistem sosio-teknikal yang berpengaruh dan mampu mensimulasikan unsur penaakulan, analisis, dan proses membuat keputusan manusia. Walaupun penyelidikan kontemporari menonjolkan potensi sistem fatwa berasaskan AI untuk meningkatkan kecekapan, mengautomasi pencarian maklumat, dan menyokong platform soal jawab berskala besar, pengaplikasiannya dalam bidang fiqh menimbulkan kebimbangan kritikal berkaitan autoriti, kesahihan, dan batasan etika. Teori perundangan Islam menegaskan bahawa fatwa merupakan suatu bentuk ijtihad yang bersandarkan kefahaman konteks, tanggungjawab moral, dan niat intelektual manusia iaitu ciri-ciri yang tidak dapat direplikasi secara autonomi oleh AI. Melalui analisis pelbagai disiplin yang menggabungkan kajian teknologi, reka bentuk sistem AI, usul al-fiqh, dan amalan institusi fatwa, kajian ini mengenal pasti tiga dimensi teras yang membentuk peranan AI dalam pengeluaran fatwa. Pertama, parameter fiqh asas menegaskan bahawa AI hanya boleh berfungsi sebagai alat pakar sokongan bagi pengurusan data, pencarian kes lepas, dan analisis senario, manakala keputusan hukum yang berautoriti mesti kekal di bawah penyeliaan fuqaha. Kedua, risiko etika teknologi seperti bias algoritma, isu integriti data, ketidakjelasan proses (opacity), dan kecenderungan automasi boleh menjejaskan kebolehpercayaan serta kesahihan Shariah terhadap output yang dijana oleh AI. Ketiga, kajian ini mencadangkan satu rangka kerja Shariah teknologi yang bersepadu merangkumi struktur tadbir urus, standard data, mekanisme pemantauan, dan pengesahan ‘human-in-the-loop’ bagi memastikan alat AI beroperasi dalam batasan yang mematuhi Shariah. Secara keseluruhan, dapatan kajian menyimpulkan bahawa AI berpotensi mengukuhkan aksesibiliti, konsistensi, dan kecekapan perkhidmatan fatwa, namun hanya apabila ia dilaksanakan dalam rangka kerja berprinsip yang memelihara maqasid al-shari’ah, memastikan ketelusan, dan menjaga integriti epistemik dalam proses penaakulan hukum Islam.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Fikri Che Yusoff, Mohd Harifadilah Rosidi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Isu Sosial Pelajar dan Kelemahan Nilai Moral: Satu Analisis dan Cadangan Berdasarkan Maqasid al-Syariah
This study examines social issues among school students and the decline of moral values, evaluating the role of the Maqasid al-Shariah framework in addressing these phenomena. It aims to analyse gaps in the integration of moral, civic, and Islamic education in the school curriculum and propose a holistic framework to mitigate disciplinary problems, bullying, and adolescent sexual misconduct. The research gap is identified through recent statistical reports showing an increase in bullying and disciplinary cases despite existing moral education programs, reflecting a failure to cultivate comprehensive student character development. A qualitative document analysis methodology is employed, reviewing secondary literature including academic journals, ministry reports, and previous studies on student character formation, moral values, and Maqasid al-Shariah principles. Data are thematically analysed focusing on five components of Maqasid al-Shariah: preservation of religion (hifz al-din), life (hifz al-nafs), intellect (hifz al-‘aql), lineage (hifz al-nasl), and property (hifz al-mal). Findings suggest that existing moral education is less effective due to its academic-focused approaches, limited interactive pedagogy, and low internalisation of ethics among students, as reflected in bullying, sexual misconduct, and disciplinary offences. The study recommends a holistic pyramid approach combining value-based discipline management, digital literacy, media protection, and structured academic and moral assessments, aligned with Maqasid principles. In conclusion, aligning moral education with Maqasid al-Shariah can create a more balanced, comprehensive, and effective educational system to address student social issues while nurturing a generation of integrity and virtue. Abstrak Kajian ini meneliti isu sosial dalam kalangan pelajar sekolah dan kelemahan nilai moral yang membentuk krisis sahsiah, serta menilai peranan prinsip Maqasid al-Syariah dalam menangani fenomena ini. Tujuan kajian adalah untuk menganalisis jurang dalam integrasi pendidikan moral, sivik, dan pendidikan Islam dalam kurikulum sekolah, seterusnya mencadangkan kerangka holistik bagi membendung isu disiplin, buli, dan jenayah seksual remaja. Jurang kajian dikenalpasti melalui laporan statistik terkini yang menunjukkan peningkatan insiden buli dan salah laku disiplin walaupun pelbagai program pendidikan moral telah dilaksanakan, menunjukkan kegagalan pendidikan nilai membentuk sahsiah pelajar secara menyeluruh. Metodologi kajian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berbentuk analisis dokumen, dengan kajian literatur sekunder termasuk jurnal akademik, laporan kementerian, dan penulisan ilmiah terdahulu mengenai pembentukan sahsiah pelajar, nilai moral, serta prinsip Maqasid al-Syariah. Data dianalisis secara tematik, dengan tumpuan kepada lima komponen Maqasid al-Syariah: pemeliharaan agama (hifz al-din), nyawa (hifz al-nafs), akal (hifz al-‘aql), keturunan (hifz al-nasl), dan harta (hifz al-mal). Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa pendidikan nilai sedia ada kurang berkesan kerana pendekatan berorientasikan akademik, kekurangan pedagogi interaktif, dan penghayatan moral yang rendah dalam kalangan pelajar. Fenomena buli, jenayah seksual, dan salah laku disiplin mencerminkan kegagalan membentuk kesedaran dalaman pelajar terhadap tanggungjawab sosial dan etika, sekaligus menggugat objektif Maqasid al-Syariah. Cadangan kajian menekankan pendekatan piramid holistik yang menggabungkan pengurusan disiplin berasaskan nilai (Program Sistem Penalti), pendidikan literasi digital dan perlindungan media, serta pentaksiran akademik dan akhlak berstruktur. Pendekatan ini mengaitkan prinsip Maqasid seperti: hifz al-din (pemeliharaan agama) melalui penerapan nilai Islam dalam disiplin, hifz al-nafs (pemeliharaan nyawa) melalui pencegahan buli dan salah laku, hifz al-‘aql (pemeliharaan akal) melalui literasi digital dan kawalan media, dan hifz al-‘ird (pemeliharaan maruah) dengan membentuk sahsiah dan etika digital yang baik. Kesimpulannya, penyelarasan pendidikan nilai dengan prinsip Maqasid al-Syariah dapat menghasilkan sistem pendidikan yang lebih seimbang, menyeluruh, dan berkesan dalam membendung isu sosial pelajar serta membina generasi berintegriti dan bermoral.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nur Iwana Safi Muhamad Hanizad, Tengku Amalin Sofea Tengku Razali, Husna Jamalluddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Kemuliaan Manusia dan Perspektif Maqasid Syariah dalam Strategi Kesihatan Digital bagi Pencegahan HIV: ART Dan Prep dalam Era Kecerdasan Buatan (AI)
This study examines the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to enhance HIV prevention strategies in Malaysia, grounded in the principles of Maqasid al-Shariah. Given that HIV remains a persistent public health challenge, AI technologies such as predictive modelling, virtual counselling, and mobile health applications offer innovative approaches to improve early detection, optimize adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), and engage marginalized populations, particularly those impacted by stigma and discrimination. Through a qualitative analysis of biomedical evidence, Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh), and AI ethical frameworks, this study demonstrates that the integration of AI aligns with core Shariah objectives, specifically Hifz al-Nafs (preservation of life), Dar’ al-Mafasid (prevention of harm), and Karamat al-Insan (preservation of human dignity). The findings underscore that successful implementation requires robust data governance, explainable AI mechanisms, and active collaboration with religious authorities to ensure cultural legitimacy and public trust. By synergizing technological innovation with Islamic ethical principles, Malaysia is positioned to emerge as a pioneer in AI-driven, faith-based healthcare, thereby accelerating progress toward ending the HIV epidemic while upholding human dignity and moral values. Abstrak Kajian ini meneliti potensi Kecerdasan Buatan (Artificial Intelligence, AI) dalam memperkukuh strategi pencegahan HIV di Malaysia, dengan berpaksikan prinsip Maqasid al-Shariah. Memandangkan HIV terus menjadi cabaran kesihatan awam yang berterusan, teknologi AI seperti pemodelan ramalan (predictive modelling), kaunseling maya (virtual counselling), dan aplikasi kesihatan mudah alih (mobile health) menawarkan pendekatan inovatif untuk menambah baik pengesanan awal, mengoptimumkan pematuhan terhadap terapi antiretroviral (ART), serta meningkatkan penglibatan golongan terpinggir, khususnya mereka yang terkesan oleh stigma dan diskriminasi. Melalui analisis kualitatif terhadap bukti bioperubatan, Fiqh (jurisprudens Islam), dan kerangka etika AI, kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa integrasi AI adalah selari dengan objektif utama syariah, khususnya Hifz al-Nafs (pemeliharaan nyawa), Dar’ al-Mafasid (pencegahan kemudaratan), dan Karamat al-Insan (pemeliharaan maruah insan). Dapatan kajian menegaskan bahawa pelaksanaan yang berkesan memerlukan tadbir urus data yang kukuh, mekanisme AI yang boleh dijelaskan (explainable AI), serta kerjasama aktif dengan pihak berautoriti agama bagi menjamin kesahan budaya dan kepercayaan awam. Dengan mensinergikan inovasi teknologi dan prinsip etika Islam, Malaysia berpotensi muncul sebagai perintis dalam penjagaan kesihatan berasaskan kepercayaan yang dipacu AI, sekali gus mempercepat usaha menamatkan wabak HIV sambil mempertahankan maruah insan dan nilai moral.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hasnizam Hashim, Muhammad Adib Hafiz Adam, Wan Abdul fattah Wan Ismail, Ahmad Syukran Baharuddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Kewajaran Boikot Ekonomi Dalam Konteks Pemeliharaan Maqasid al-Syariah
This study examines the justification for implementing boycott movements in Malaysia against companies associated with support for Israel, focusing on Shariah, economic, and sociopolitical analysis. The prolonged Palestinian-Israeli conflict has driven Malaysian society, particularly Muslims, to take solidarity actions through boycotts. However, the effects of such actions need to be evaluated academically to ensure that they align with the principles of Maqasid al-Shariah and do not result in greater harm. Through a qualitative research design using content analysis methods on primary and secondary sources, this study examines the legal framework related to muamalah with non-Muslims, the concept of al-ta‘āwun ‘alā al-ithm wa al- ‘udwān, and fiqh principles related to obligations and prohibitions in the context of boycotts. The findings indicate that a boycott becomes obligatory only when there is strong evidence that an entity provides direct support for oppression. However, its implementation may become makruh or haram if it is speculative, not based on authentic information, or if it causes greater harm to the local community. From an economic perspective, boycotts have a two-way impact, although they may lead to an increase in demand for local products. Data also show an increase in unemployment, the closure of franchise outlets, and a reduction in national revenue. From a sociopolitical perspective, boycotts without clear guidelines can lead to psychological pressure on workers, security disturbances, and the development of a culture of compliance without accountability. This study concludes that boycotts should be strategic, targeted, and well‑informed, rather than seasonal or driven purely by sentiment. This is to ensure that they bring benefit and do not cause harm to the Muslim community or the national economy. Abstrak Kajian ini meneliti kewajaran pelaksanaan gerakan boikot di Malaysia terhadap syarikat yang dikaitkan dengan sokongan kepada Israel dengan memberi tumpuan kepada analisis Syariah, ekonomi dan sosiopolitik. Konflik Palestin-Israel yang berpanjangan telah mendorong masyarakat Malaysia, khususnya umat Islam, untuk mengambil tindakan solidariti melalui pemboikotan. Namun, kesan tindakan tersebut perlu dinilai secara ilmiah bagi memastikan ia selaras dengan prinsip Maqasid al-Syariah dan tidak menimbulkan kemudaratan yang lebih besar. Melalui reka bentuk kajian kualitatif dengan menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan terhadap sumber primer dan sekunder, kajian ini meneliti kerangka hukum berkaitan muamalah dengan bukan Muslim, konsep al-ta‘āwun ‘alā al-ithm wa al- ‘udwān, dan kaedah fiqh berkaitan kewajipan serta larangan dalam konteks pemboikotan. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa boikot hanya menjadi wajib apabila wujud bukti kukuh bahawa sesuatu entiti memberikan sokongan langsung kepada kezaliman, namun pelaksanaannya boleh menjadi makruh atau haram sekiranya bersifat spekulatif, tidak berasaskan maklumat sahih, atau membawa mudarat yang lebih besar kepada masyarakat setempat. Dari sudut ekonomi, boikot memberikan kesan dua hala walaupun terdapat peningkatan terhadap permintaan produk tempatan, data turut menunjukkan peningkatan pengangguran, penutupan cawangan francais serta penyusutan hasil negara. Dari aspek sosiopolitik pula, boikot tanpa garis panduan menyebabkan tekanan psikologi kepada pekerja, gangguan keselamatan dan wujudnya budaya ikut-ikutan tanpa tabayyun. Kajian ini merumuskan bahawa boikot haruslah bersifat strategik, terarah dan berinformasi bukannya bermusim atau didorong sentimen semata-mata, hal ini bagi memastikan ia memberi maslahah dan tidak mencetuskan mafsadah terhadap umat Islam dan ekonomi negara.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Aizat Mohamad Paisal, Megat Mukhriz Megat Danuwa, Ahmad An-Nazif Ahmad Fuad, Mohamad Haziq Haiqal Mohamad Dom, Mohd Harifadilah Rosidi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Maqasid al-Syariah Sebagai Kerangka Etika Bagi Penggunaan Media Sosial Dalam Kalangan Belia
This study comprehensively examines how Maqasid al-Syariah can serve as a systematic and holistic ethical framework for social media use among youth. In an increasingly digitalised era, social media has not only become the primary communication medium for young people but also shapes their ways of thinking, interacting, and making decisions. However, this technological development is accompanied by various issues such as cyberbullying, the spread of false information, slander, digital addiction, and the rise of unethical behaviours that negatively impact the social and moral well-being of youth. These challenges underline the need for an ethical approach that can address emerging digital issues in a holistic manner while remaining grounded in Islamic values. This study employs a qualitative approach based on document analysis. The analysis aims to identify fundamental principles that can be integrated to form a comprehensive ethical framework for social media conduct. Central to this study are the five higher objectives of Maqasid al-Syariah, namely the protection of religion (hifz al-dīn), life (hifz al-nafs), intellect (hifz al-‘aql), lineage (hifz al-nasl), and property (hifz al-mal), all of which hold significant potential as foundational elements for guiding ethical digital behaviour among youth. Overall, the study emphasises that the application of Maqasid al-Syariah in digital ethics is not only relevant but essential in cultivating a safer, more responsible, and Syariah aligned digital culture. Abstrak Kajian ini meneliti secara komprehensif bagaimana Maqasid al-Syariah dapat dijadikan kerangka etika yang sistematik dan holistik bagi penggunaan media sosial dalam kalangan belia. Dalam era digital yang semakin pesat, media sosial bukan sahaja menjadi medium komunikasi utama belia, malah turut membentuk cara mereka berfikir, berinteraksi dan membuat keputusan. Namun begitu, perkembangan ini turut disertai dengan pelbagai isu seperti buli siber, penyebaran maklumat palsu, fitnah, ketagihan digital serta kecenderungan kepada tingkah laku tidak beradab yang memberi kesan negatif terhadap kesejahteraan sosial dan moral golongan muda. Keadaan ini menuntut satu pendekatan etika yang mampu menangani cabaran baharu ini secara menyeluruh dan berlandaskan nilai Islam. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berasaskan analisis dokumen. Analisis ini bertujuan mengenal pasti prinsip-prinsip asas Maqasid al-Syariah yang boleh digabungkan bagi membentuk kerangka etika media sosial yang bersifat menyeluruh. Kajian ini juga berteraskan lima objektif utama Maqasid al-Syariah iaitu menjaga agama (hifz al-din), menjaga nyawa (hifz al-nafs), menjaga akal (hifz al-‘aql), menjaga keturunan (hifz al-nasl), dan menjaga harta (hifz al-mal) mempunyai potensi besar untuk dijadikan asas dalam membimbing tingkah laku belia. Secara keseluruhannya, kajian ini menegaskan bahawa penerapan Maqasid al-Syariah dalam etika media sosial bukan sahaja relevan, bahkan penting dalam membantu membentuk budaya digital yang lebih selamat, bertanggungjawab dan selari dengan syariah.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nur Alia Batrisyia Rosdi, Ain Syazwani Mohd Kamarulzaman, Puteri Nuraniqah Irdina Osmara, Nur Izzah Mohamad Fadli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Maqasid Al-Shari'ah and The Ethics of Food: An Analysis of Genetic Modification Foods (GMFs) Beyond Halal Permissibility
The rise of Genetically Modified Foods (GMFs) has introduced new challenges to halal assurance systems, which have traditionally focused on the permissibility of ingredients. While many GMFs products may be considered halal in a technical sense, their production, safety, and overall impact on human health and the environment raise questions that go beyond legal compliance. This study examines GMFs through the lens of Maqasid al-Shariah, the higher objectives of Islamic law, to explore how biotechnology can align with ethical, safety, and tayyib(wholesome) principles in the halal food sector. Using a qualitative, library-based approach, the research draws on primary Islamic sources, classical fiqh, and contemporary halal and bioethical literature. The findings highlight that a maqasid perspective allows for a more holistic evaluation of GMFs, emphasizing the protection of religion (hifz al-din), life (hifz al-nafs), intellect (hifz al-ʿaql), lineage (hifz al-nasl), and property (hifz al-mal). Ultimately, the study demonstrates that integrating maqasid principles into halal certification not only ensures that GMFs are not only legally permissible but also promotes public welfare, ethical responsibility, and sustainability, making halal food both permissible and truly wholesome in the era of modern biotechnology. The contribution of this paper to the international scholarly and policy community lies in its development of an integrative ethical model that bridges Islamic jurisprudence, global food safety concerns, and sustainability discourse. By articulating how maqasid principles can complement existing international standards on biotechnology, food security, and environmental protection, the study offers a normative framework that is relevant not only to Muslim-majority contexts but also to multicultural and multireligious societies engaged in ethical food governance. Ultimately, this research contributes to global debates on responsible biotechnology by demonstrating that halal certification, when informed by Maqasid al-Shariah, can function as a universal ethical benchmark—promoting public welfare, consumer trust, environmental stewardship, and sustainable development—thus positioning halal not merely as a religious compliance system but as a globally relevant paradigm for wholesome and ethical food production in the era of modern biotechnology.
Copyright (c) 2025 Auni Zhafirah Mohd Asnan, Nabihah Khairulazhar, Nur Najla Mohamad Asri, Nur 'Aqilah Sofiyyah Nurli Suffian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
مستجدات الزكاة في ظل جائحة كورونا: دراسة مقاصدية
Zakat represents one of the most vital instruments in Islamic law for achieving social and economic balance. However, its contemporary applications in light of global crises remain underexplored, particularly from a maqā ṣid(objectives of Sharia) perspective. The COVID-19 pandemic posed an unprecedented challenge, reshaping the lives of individuals, communities, and nations, necessitating renewed reflection on zakat rulings to align with evolving realities while safeguarding the higher objectives of Sharia. This study seeks to address the scholarly gap stemming from the lack of specialized maqāṣid-based studies on the intersection between financial crises such as COVID-19 and contemporary zakat rulings. The research clarifies the concept of zakat and its underlying objectives, examines newly emerging rulings during the pandemic, and highlights their role in promoting the higher objectives of Islamic law. Key findings reveal that it is permissible to expedite zakat payments in times of crisis and to allocate zakat funds to hospitals providing free treatment for COVID-19 patients. These measures serve greater maqāṣid, including hastening good deeds, meeting the needs of the vulnerable, and reinforcing social solidarity. Employing a descriptive-analytical methodology, this paper underscores the importance of adopting a maqāṣid-oriented approach to address contemporary financial issues, thereby contributing to the renewal and practical relevance of Islamic jurisprudence in confronting global challenges. At the international level, this article contributes a maqāṣid-oriented analytical framework applicable beyond the COVID-19 context, offering normative guidance for zakat governance in times of global crises such as pandemics, natural disasters, and economic downturns. By bridging classical jurisprudential principles with contemporary humanitarian and public health challenges, the study provides policymakers, zakat institutions, and international Islamic organizations with a principled model for crisis-responsive zakat management. Methodologically, through a descriptive-analytical approach, the paper advances the practical relevance and adaptive capacity of Islamic jurisprudence, positioning maqāṣid al-Shariah as a universal ethical paradigm capable of informing global discussions on faith-based social finance and crisis resilience. ملخص البحث تُعد الزكاة أحد أهم الأدوات الشرعية لتحقيق التوازن الاجتماعي والاقتصادي في الإسلام، إلا أن مستجداتها في ضوء الأزمات العالمية لم تنل ما يكفي من البحث والتحليل المقاصدي، وقد شكّلت جائحة كورونا تحديًا غير مسبوق ألقى بظلاله على حياة الأفراد والمجتمعات والدول، مما استدعى إعادة النظر في بعض الأحكام التطبيقية للزكاة بما يواكب متغيرات الواقع ويحقق مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية. ومن هنا، يسعى هذا البحث إلى سد الفجوة العلمية المتمثلة في غياب الدراسات المقاصدية المتخصصة التي تربط بين النوازل المالية لجائحة كورونا وأحكام الزكاة،وذلك من خلال: بيان مفهوم الزكاة ومقاصدها الشرعية، واستعراض الأحكام المستجدة لها في ظل الأزمة، ثم تحليل أثر هذه الأحكام في تعزيز مقاصد الشريعة. وقد توصّل البحث إلى عدة نتائج أبرزها: جواز تعجيل إخراج الزكاة في أوقات الأزمات، وجواز تخصيصها لدعم المستشفيات التي تقدّم خدمات علاجية مجانية للمتضررين، مما يحقق مقاصد عظيمة تتمثل في المسارعة إلى الخيرات، وسد حاجات المحتاجين، وتعزيز التكافل الاجتماعي. وقد اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، مؤكدة على أن معالجة النوازل المالية المعاصرة بمنهج مقاصدي تسهم في تطوير الفقه الإسلامي وتفعيله في مواجهة الأزمات العالمية. على الصعيد الدولي، تُسهم هذه الدراسة في تقديم إطارٍ تحليليٍّ قائمٍ على المقاصد، قابلٍ للتطبيق خارج سياق جائحة كوفيد-19، بما يوفّر توجيهًا معياريًا لحوكمة الزكاة في أوقات الأزمات العالمية، مثل الجوائح، والكوارث الطبيعية، والأزمات الاقتصادية. ومن خلال الربط بين المبادئ الفقهية الكلاسيكية والتحديات الإنسانية والصحية المعاصرة، تُمكِّن الدراسة صُنّاع السياسات، ومؤسسات الزكاة، والمنظمات الإسلامية الدولية من نموذجٍ تأصيليٍّ لإدارة الزكاة بصورةٍ استجابيةٍ للأزمات. ومنهجيًا، وباعتماد المنهج الوصفي-التحليلي، تُسهم الورقة في تعزيز العملية التطبيقية والقدرة التكيفية للفقه الإسلامي، وتُبرز مقاصد الشريعة بوصفها منظومةً أخلاقيةً ذات طابعٍ كوني، قادرة على الإسهام في النقاشات العالمية حول التمويل الاجتماعي القائم على القيم الدينية وبناء القدرة على الصمود في مواجهة الأزمات.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmed Alrumaithah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Islamic Jerusalem: The Islamic Heritage and A Model of Peaceful Co-Existence
Islamic Jerusalem, or Al-Quds, holds a vital status for three religions: Islam, Christianity, and Judaism, all of which claim to be the true inheritors of this shared heritage. History reveals that numerous Prophets resided here, and the "doors of the sky" opened many times to bring revelation and guidance to humanity, establishing this territory as the "Land of Prophets" and the "Land of Blessings." Despite its profound importance, contemporary academia—particularly Orientalist studies—often focuses on its significance to Judaism and Christianity, while marginalizing the Muslim perspective regarding this sacred sanctuary. These studies frequently frame the current political dynamics of the Palestine/Israel conflict as a purely Palestinian national issue with negligible connection to Islamic religious sources, specifically the Qur’an and the traditions of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.). This study addresses this gap by articulating the Muslim viewpoint, presenting the city as an integral Islamic heritage. Furthermore, it demonstrates that Islamic Jerusalem historically served as a model of multiculturalism and peaceful co-existence under Muslim rule, reflecting a fundamental principle of Islamic teaching. Employing a qualitative methodology rooted in an Islamic conceptual framework, this paper analyzes the sanctity of the city through primary Islamic sources. The paper concludes that Islamic Jerusalem represents a pure Islamic heritage and occupies a spiritual position in the hearts of Muslims that transcends the boundaries of a nationalistic Palestinian issue. Moreover, it represents a unique historical model of religious tolerance capable of being revived. In terms of international contribution, this study offers a vital alternative framework for global peacebuilders and policymakers. By shifting the narrative from a purely nationalistic conflict to a holistic religious-historical perspective, it provides a historical precedent for multicultural management that can be utilized to foster interfaith harmony and sustainable peace in one of the world's most contested regions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Seema Tahir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Penggunaan Aplikasi Temu Janji di Malaysia: Analisis Syariah, Etika Digital dan Implikasi Sosial terhadap Masyarakat Malaysia
This study examines the role of dating applications as a modern medium of social interaction within Malaysian society. It assesses the degree to which their use aligns with digital ethics, cultural norms, and the principles of Shariah. Using a qualitative approach that includes socio-digital literature analysis and comparative review of different application types, the study outlines the distinctions between general dating apps, Muslim-oriented platforms, and community-specific applications, including their modes of interaction, intended purposes, and behavioural risks. The findings suggest that general applications often foster casual connections that can lead to unregulated social interactions. In contrast, Muslim-focused applications prioritise safety, privacy, and Shariah-compliant procedures. Applications that contradict Malaysian law, on the other hand, raise concerns regarding identity exposure, exploitation, and behaviours that conflict with societal values. The study recommends the development of usage guidelines grounded in the objectives of Shariah, including mechanisms for digital literacy that emphasise privacy, safety, and the preservation of users’ dignity, particularly for adolescents and vulnerable groups. Additionally, stronger ethical education and content monitoring are necessary to reduce opportunities for manipulation and misuse. In conclusion, aligning the growth of dating application technology with Shariah principles and Malaysian cultural norms has the potential to produce a digital social ecosystem that is more balanced, safe, and respectful of societal values. Abstrak Kajian ini meneliti peranan aplikasi temu janji sebagai medium interaksi sosial moden dalam kalangan masyarakat Malaysia serta menilai sejauh mana penggunaannya selaras dengan etika digital, norma budaya dan prinsip Syariah. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif yang merangkumi analisis literatur sosio-digital dan perbandingan jenis aplikasi, kajian ini menghimpunkan perbezaan antara aplikasi umum, aplikasi berorientasikan Muslim dan aplikasi khusus komuniti, termasuk bentuk interaksi, tujuan penggunaan serta risiko tingkah laku. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa aplikasi umum lebih cenderung kepada hubungan santai yang membuka ruang kepada pergaulan bebas, manakala aplikasi Muslim menekankan keselamatan, privasi dan kesesuaian Syariah. Aplikasi yang bercanggah dengan undang-undang Malaysia pula menimbulkan isu pendedahan identiti, eksploitasi dan tingkah laku yang bertentangan dengan nilai masyarakat. Kajian ini mencadangkan agar garis panduan penggunaan aplikasi temu janji disusun berasaskan Maqasid Syariah, termasuk mekanisme literasi digital yang memberi penekanan kepada privasi, keselamatan dan penjagaan maruah pengguna, khususnya remaja dan golongan berisiko. Di samping itu, pendidikan etika interaksi atas talian serta pemantauan kandungan wajar diperkukuh bagi mengurangkan ruang manipulasi dan salah guna. Kesimpulannya, penyelarasan antara perkembangan teknologi temu janji dengan prinsip Syariah dan norma Malaysia berpotensi mewujudkan ekosistem sosial digital yang lebih seimbang, selamat dan menghormati nilai masyarakat.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Syamil Faizi Fakhrorrazi, Ahmad Fathi Naim Najmi Ismail, Muhammad Idham Rosli, Muhammad Badrul Amin Mohd Ridzuan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Garis Panduan Penggunaan Kecerdasan Buatan (AI) Dalam Perspektif Maqasid Syariah
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is now utilised in various sectors, including education, healthcare, law, and public administration, making it a significant driver of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Despite the vast potential and benefits gained by individuals who use it, numerous emerging issues related to ethics, morality and increasingly complex social responsibilities have arisen. In Islam, discussions about AI cannot be separated from the maqasid al-Shariah, which are founded on human welfare and well-being. Although Islam encourages its followers to explore knowledge and advancements such as science and technology, their use must always align with Islamic principles. This study employs a qualitative document-analysis method, examining classical and contemporary sources, including academic journals, international policies, and the views of modern Islamic scholars. The findings show that the application of Maqasid al-Shariah in AI development not only ensures that it operates properly and ethically but also transforms it into a tool that strengthens human values. In terms of Hifz al-Din (preservation of religion), AI can be utilised through Islamic applications such as prayer-time detection and Quran learning. However, AI may bring harm if used without clear Shariah guidelines. This study emphasises that ethical considerations must be integrated into the development and use of AI to produce technologies that respect individual rights and safeguard universal well-being. Abstrak Kecerdasan Buatan (AI) kini digunakan di pelbagai sektor dari pendidikan, kesihatan, perundangan dan pentadbiran awam menyebabkan AI adalah penyebab utama Revolusi 4.0. Di sebalik potensi dan manfaat besar yang diperoleh individu yang menggunakannya, muncul pelbagai masalah baharu berkaitan etika, moral dan tanggungjawab sosial yang semakin kompleks. Dalam Islam, perbahasan tentang AI tidak boleh dipisahkan daripada maqasid syariah yang berteraskan kemaslahatan dan kesejahteraan manusia. Walaupun Islam menggalakkan umat untuk meneroka kemajuan dan ilmu seperti sains dan teknologi, namun penggunaannya haruslah sentiasa selaras dengan tuntutan yang dianjurkan Islam. Kajian ini menggunakan metod kualitatif analisis dokumen terhadap sumber sumber klasik dan kontemporari termasuk jurnal akademik, polisi antarabangsa serta pandangan sarjana Islam moden. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa penerapan Maqasid al-Syariah dalam perkembangan AI bukan sahaja memastikan ia berjalan dengan baik dan beretika, malah menjadikannya alat untuk memperkukuh nilai kemanusiaan. Dari segi Hifz al-Din aplikasi AI dapat dimanfaatkan melalui aplikasi islamik seperti pengesanan waktu solat dan pembelajaran Al-Quran. Namun begitu, AI boleh membawa kemudaratan jika digunakan tanpa panduan syariah yang jelas. Kajian ini menegaskan bahawa pertimbangan etika wajib diterapkan dalam Pembangunan dan penggunaan AI supaya dapat menghasilkan teknologi yang menghormati hak individu dan menjaga kemaslahatan sejagat.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nur Izzatul Husna Norshaharizal, Siti Hajar Che Mohd Zamri, Balqis Amani Zainal, Nurin Afrina Mohd Fazlee https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0